{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:27:46Z","timestamp":1767205666371,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the atmospheric distribution of water (H     2    O) is crucial for global warming studies and climate change mitigation. In this context, reliable satellite data are extremely valuable for their global and continuous coverage, once their quality has been assessed. Short-wavelength infrared spectra are acquired by the Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) aboard the Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). From these, column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor (XH     2    O) have been retrieved at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan) and are available as a Level 2 research product. We compare the NIES XH     2    O data, Version 02.21, with retrievals from the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON, Version GGG2014). The datasets are in good overall agreement, with GOSAT data showing a slight global low bias of \u22123.1%     \u00b1     24.0%, good consistency over different locations (station bias of \u22121.53%     \u00b1     10.35%) and reasonable correlation with TCCON (R = 0.89). We identified two potential sources of discrepancy between the NIES and TCCON retrievals over land. While the TCCON XH     2    O amounts can reach 6000\u20137000 ppm when the atmospheric water content is high, the correlated NIES values do not exceed 5500 ppm. This could be due to a dry bias of TANSO-FTS in situations of high humidity and aerosol content. We also determined that the GOSAT-TCCON differences directly depend on the altitude difference between the TANSO-FTS footprint and the TCCON site. Further analysis will account for these biases, but the NIES V02.21 XH     2    O product, after public release, can already be useful for water cycle studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8050414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1463480411000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comparison of XH2O Retrieved from GOSAT Short-Wavelength Infrared Spectra with Observations from the TCCON Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6294-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Dupuy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2720-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isamu","family":"Morino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-2577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Deutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Northfields Ave, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"},{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen 28359, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukio","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Uchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Consulting Limited, 6 Fairway Dr., Alexandra 9320, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"De Mazi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019A\u00e9ronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, Brussels B-1180, Belgium"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Northfields Ave, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany"}]},{"given":"Pauli","family":"Heikkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMI-Arctic Research Center, T\u00e4htel\u00e4ntie 62, Sodankyl\u00e4 FIN-99600, Finland"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Hillyard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Atmospheric Science Branch, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA"},{"name":"Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Suite 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Iraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Atmospheric Science Branch, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth Observation Research Center (EORC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8828-2759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rigel","family":"Kivi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMI-Arctic Research Center, T\u00e4htel\u00e4ntie 62, Sodankyl\u00e4 FIN-99600, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3380-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuneo","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Notholt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen 28359, Germany"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen 28359, Germany"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Podolske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Ames Research Center, Atmospheric Science Branch, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9923-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private bag 50061, Omakau 9352, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Rettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany"}]},{"given":"Coleen","family":"Roehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology, MC 131-24, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sherlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Private bag 50061, Omakau 9352, New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Sussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Toon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1376-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Voltaire","family":"Velazco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Northfields Ave, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Warneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, Bremen 28359, Germany"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology, MC 131-24, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Wunch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Institute of Technology, MC 131-24, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005319109110","article-title":"Atmospheric moisture residence times and cycling: Implications for rainfall rates and climate change","volume":"39","author":"Trenberth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clim. 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