{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T18:47:04Z","timestamp":1771958824832,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft industieller Forschungsvereinigungen, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Micromachines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severely disabled people, like completely paralyzed persons either with tetraplegia or similar disabilities who cannot use their arms and hands, are often considered as a user group of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). In order to achieve high acceptance of the BCI by this user group and their supporters, the BCI system has to be integrated into their support infrastructure. Critical disadvantages of a BCI are the time consuming preparation of the user for the electroencephalography (EEG) measurements and the low information transfer rate of EEG based BCI. These disadvantages become apparent if a BCI is used to control complex devices. In this paper, a hybrid BCI is described that enables research for a Human Machine Interface (HMI) that is optimally adapted to requirements of the user and the tasks to be carried out. The solution is based on the integration of a Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-BCI, an Event-related  (de)-synchronization (ERD\/ERS)-BCI, an eye tracker, an environmental observation camera, and a new EEG head cap for wearing comfort and easy preparation. The design of the new fast multimodal BCI (called sBCI) system is described and first test results, obtained in experiments with six healthy subjects, are presented. The sBCI concept may also become useful for healthy people in cases where a \u201chands-free\u201d handling of devices is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mi6030291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]],"date-time":"2015-02-27T10:08:39Z","timestamp":1425031719000},"page":"291-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["sBCI-Headset\u2014Wearable and Modular Device for Hybrid  Brain-Computer Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tatsiana","family":"Malechka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation (IAT), University Bremen, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"},{"name":"Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Institute gGmbH, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Tetzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Institute gGmbH, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Krebs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation (IAT), University Bremen, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Feuser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation (IAT), University Bremen, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Graeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation (IAT), University Bremen, Otto Hahn Allee NW1, 28359 Bremen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2013.2275695","article-title":"A Supportive FRIEND at work: Robotic workplace assistance for the disabled","volume":"20","author":"Heyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Robot. 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