{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:41:47Z","timestamp":1759970507550,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","award":["PID2020-112936GB-I00","PRE2021-097702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-112936GB-I00","PRE2021-097702"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-112936GB-I00","PRE2021-097702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-112936GB-I00","PRE2021-097702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper explores how competing interactions in the intermolecular potential of fluids affect their structural transitions. This study employs a versatile potential model with a hard core followed by two constant steps, representing wells or shoulders, analyzed in both one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) systems. Comparing these dimensionalities highlights the effect of confinement on structural transitions. Exact results are derived for 1D systems, while the rational function approximation is used for unconfined 3D fluids. Both scenarios confirm that when the steps are repulsive, the wavelength of the oscillatory decay of the total correlation function evolves with temperature either continuously or discontinuously. In the latter case, a discontinuous oscillation crossover line emerges in the temperature\u2013density plane. For an attractive first step and a repulsive second step, a Fisher\u2013Widom line appears. Although the 1D and 3D results share common features, dimensionality introduces differences: these behaviors occur in distinct temperature ranges, require deeper wells, or become attenuated in 3D. Certain features observed in 1D may vanish in 3D. We conclude that fluids with competing interactions exhibit a rich and intricate pattern of structural transitions, demonstrating the significant influence of dimensionality and interaction features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e27010095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T11:47:32Z","timestamp":1737460052000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discontinuous Structural Transitions in Fluids with Competing Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9188-8487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Montero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8679-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santos B.","family":"Yuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9564-5180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Computaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica Avanzada (ICCAEx), Universidad de Extremadura, E-06006 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7002-1128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano L\u00f3pez","family":"de Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Energ\u00edas Renovables, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Temixco 62580, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"McQuarrie, D.A. 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