{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T21:23:06Z","timestamp":1776115386803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N00014-21-1-2707,N00014-22-S-B001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N00014-21-1-2707,N00014-22-S-B001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OIA-2033558,CNS-2213656,RAPID Award 2040196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OIA-2033558,CNS-2213656,RAPID Award 2040196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Commun. ACM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Scholarly publications are key to the transfer of knowledge from scholars to others. However, research papers are information-dense, and as the volume of the scientific literature grows, the greater the need for new technology to support scholars. In contrast to the process of\n            <jats:italic>finding<\/jats:italic>\n            papers, which has been transformed by Internet technology, the experience of\n            <jats:italic>reading<\/jats:italic>\n            research papers has changed little in decades. For instance, the PDF format for sharing papers remains widely used due to its portability but has significant downsides, inter alia, static content and poor accessibility for low-vision readers. This paper explores the question \u201cCan recent advances in AI and HCI power intelligent, interactive, and accessible reading interfaces\u2014even for legacy PDFs?\u201d We describe the Semantic Reader Project, a collaborative effort across multiple institutions to explore automatic creation of dynamic reading interfaces for research papers. Through this project, we\u2019ve developed a collection of novel reading interfaces and evaluated them with study participants and real-world users to show improved reading experiences for scholars. We\u2019ve also released a production research paper reading interface that will continuously incorporate novel features from our research as they mature. We structure this paper around five key opportunities for AI assistance in scholarly reading \u2014discovery, efficiency, comprehension, synthesis, and accessibility\u2014and present an overview of our progress and discuss remaining open challenges.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3659096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T17:57:27Z","timestamp":1726768647000},"page":"50-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Semantic Reader Project"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, Washington, United States"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0798-4351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph 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