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Network researchers and engineers need to create highly tailored protocols targeting individual problem domains. Existing library-based approaches either fall short on the flexibility in features or offer them at a significant performance overhead. To address this challenge, we present NetBlocks, a domain-specific language, and compiler for designing ad-hoc protocols and generating their highly optimized host network stack implementations. NetBlocks DSL input allows users to configure protocols by selecting and customizing features. Unlike other DSL compilers, NetBlocks also allows network researchers to extend the system and add more features easily without any prior compiler knowledge. Our design and implementation employ a high-performance Aspect-Oriented Programming framework written with the staging framework BuildIt. We also introduce a novel Layout Customization Layer that allows \"staging packet layouts\" alongside the implementation, which is critical for getting the best performance out of the protocol when possible, while allowing the practitioners to maintain compatibility with existing protocol layers where needed. Our evaluations on three applications ranging across deployments in data centers and underwater acoustic networks demonstrate a trade-off between performance (both latency and throughput) and selected features allowing the user to only pay-for-what-they-use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/3656396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T16:27:20Z","timestamp":1718900840000},"page":"467-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["NetBlocks: Staging Layouts for High-Performance Custom Host Network Stacks"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-4186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajay","family":"Brahmakshatriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1125-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Rinard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4095-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manya","family":"Ghobadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-7643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saman","family":"Amarasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"17th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 20)","author":"Arashloo Mina Tahmasbi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mina Tahmasbi Arashloo, Alexey Lavrov, Manya Ghobadi, Jennifer Rexford, David Walker, and David Wentzlaff. 2020. 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