{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T22:20:03Z","timestamp":1766269203058,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.acm.org\/publications\/policies\/copyright_policy#Background"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health -Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013ZX10004218, 2012ZX10004801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013ZX10004218, 2012ZX10004801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71025001, 91024030, 70890084, 71103180, 91124001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71025001, 91024030, 70890084, 71103180, 91124001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ACM Trans. Manage. Inf. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social tagging, as a novel approach to information organization and discovery, has been widely adopted in many Web 2.0 applications. Tags contributed by users to annotate a variety of Web resources or items provide a new type of information that can be exploited by recommender systems. Nevertheless, the sparsity of the ternary interaction data among users, items, and tags limits the performance of tag-based recommendation algorithms. In this article, we propose to deal with the sparsity problem in social tagging by applying random walks on ternary interaction graphs to explore transitive associations between users and items. The transitive associations in this article refer to the path of the link between any two nodes whose length is greater than one. Taking advantage of these transitive associations can allow more accurate measurement of the relevance between two entities (e.g., user-item, user-user, and item-item). A PageRank-like algorithm has been developed to explore these transitive associations by spreading users\u2019 preferences on an item similarity graph and spreading items\u2019 influences on a user similarity graph. Empirical evaluation on three real-world datasets demonstrates that our approach can effectively alleviate the sparsity problem and improve the quality of item recommendation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1145\/2490860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,23]],"date-time":"2014-04-23T13:52:04Z","timestamp":1398261124000},"page":"1-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A Random Walk Model for Item Recommendation in Social Tagging Systems"],"prefix":"10.1145","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Zhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of Arizona"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania"}]},{"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2151163.2151166"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/245108.245124"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 714--720","author":"Basu C.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"Basu , C. , Hirsh , H. , and Cohen , W . 1998. Recommendation as classification: Using social and content-based information in recommendation . In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 714--720 . Basu, C., Hirsh, H., and Cohen, W. 1998. Recommendation as classification: Using social and content-based information in recommendation. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 714--720."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2009916.2010092"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Context-Aware Recommender Systems.","author":"Bogers T.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bogers , T. 2010 . Movie recommendation using random walks over the contextual graph . In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Context-Aware Recommender Systems. Bogers, T. 2010. Movie recommendation using random walks over the contextual graph. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Context-Aware Recommender Systems."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 43--52","author":"Breese J. S.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Breese , J. S. , Heckerman , D. , and Kadie , C . 1998. Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 43--52 . Breese, J. S., Heckerman, D., and Kadie, C. 1998. Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 43--52."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021240730564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1935826.1935920"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems.","author":"Claypool M.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","unstructured":"Claypool , M. , Gokhale , A. , Miranda , T. , Murnikov , P. , Netes , D. , and Sartin , M . 1999. Combining content-based and collaborative filters in an online newspaper . In Proceedings of ACM SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems. Claypool, M., Gokhale, A., Miranda, T., Murnikov, P., Netes, D., and Sartin, M. 1999. Combining content-based and collaborative filters in an online newspaper. In Proceedings of ACM SIGIR Workshop on Recommender Systems."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/963770.963776"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2006.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WKDD.2010.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/138859.138867"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 439--446","author":"Good N.","key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Good , N. , Schafer , J. B. , Konstan , J. A. , Borchers , A. , Sarwar , B. , Herlocker , J. , and Riedl , J . 1999. Combining collaborative filtering with personal agents for better recommendations . In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 439--446 . Good, N., Schafer, J. B., Konstan, J. A., Borchers, A., Sarwar, B., Herlocker, J., and Riedl, J. 1999. Combining collaborative filtering with personal agents for better recommendations. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 439--446."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence. 2766--2771","author":"Gori M.","key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Gori , M. and Pucci , A . 2007. ItemRank: A random-walk based scoring algorithm for recommender engines . In Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence. 2766--2771 . Gori, M. and Pucci, A. 2007. ItemRank: A random-walk based scoring algorithm for recommender engines. In Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Artifical Intelligence. 2766--2771."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1772690.1772731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1639714.1639735"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1835449.1835484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/963770.963772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/860435.860483"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/963770.963774"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11762256_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/963770.963775"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5555\/1487691.1487696"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1557019.1557067"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1968613.1968736"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4156\/jdcta.vol4.issue8.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1008992.1009051"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1571941.1571977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1460096.1460126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2003.1167344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1810617.1810627"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2009.2033973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1277741.1277751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961209.1961212"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marinho L. B. Hotho A. J Schke R. Nanopoulos A. Rendle S. Schmidt-Thieme L. Stumme G. and Symeonidis P. 2012. Recommender Systems for Social Tagging Systems. Springer New York.   Marinho L. B. Hotho A. J Schke R. Nanopoulos A. Rendle S. Schmidt-Thieme L. Stumme G. and Symeonidis P. 2012. Recommender Systems for Social Tagging Systems. Springer New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1894-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","unstructured":"Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1999. The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. SIDL-WP-1999-0120 Standford Info Lab.  Page L. Brin S. Motwani R. and Winograd T. 1999. The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web. Tech. rep. SIDL-WP-1999-0120 Standford Info Lab."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006544522159"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems.","author":"Peng J.","key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","unstructured":"Peng , J. , Zeng , D. , Liu , B. , and Zhao , H . 2010a. CFUI: Collaborative filtering with unlabeled items . In Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems. Peng, J., Zeng, D., Liu, B., and Zhao, H. 2010a. CFUI: Collaborative filtering with unlabeled items. In Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on Information Technologies and Systems."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1871437.1871541"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2019618.2019621"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 437--444","author":"Popescul A.","key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","unstructured":"Popescul , A. , Pennock , D. M. , and Lawrence , S . 2001. Probabilistic models for unified collaborative and content-based recommendation in sparse-data environments . In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 437--444 . Popescul, A., Pennock, D. M., and Lawrence, S. 2001. Probabilistic models for unified collaborative and content-based recommendation in sparse-data environments. In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 437--444."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1557019.1557100"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/192844.192905"},{"volume-title":"Proc. Syst. 20","author":"Salakhutdinov R.","key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","unstructured":"Salakhutdinov , R. and Mnih , A . 2008. Probabilistic matrix factorization. Adv. Neural Inf . Proc. Syst. 20 . 1257--1264. Salakhutdinov, R. and Mnih, A. 2008. Probabilistic matrix factorization. Adv. Neural Inf. Proc. Syst. 20. 1257--1264."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/371920.372071"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML\u201903)","author":"Si L.","key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","unstructured":"Si , L. and Jin , R . 2003. Flexible mixture model for collaborative filtering . In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML\u201903) . Si, L. and Jin, R. 2003. Flexible mixture model for collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML\u201903)."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop: Machine Learning for Information Filtering.","author":"Soboroff I.","key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","unstructured":"Soboroff , I. and Nicholas , C . 1999. Combining content and collaboration in text filtering . In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop: Machine Learning for Information Filtering. Soboroff, I. and Nicholas, C. 1999. Combining content and collaboration in text filtering. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence Workshop: Machine Learning for Information Filtering."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/421425"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2009.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1363686.1364171"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CSNT.2012.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1148170.1148257"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2361256.2361260"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1506250.1506255"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1454008.1454031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69304-8_32"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2009.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1378773.1378843"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1639714.1639727"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.09.131"}],"container-title":["ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2490860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1145\/2490860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T08:18:30Z","timestamp":1750234710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/2490860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1145\/2490860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2490860","relation":{},"ISSN":["2158-656X","2158-6578"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2158-656X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2158-6578"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-05-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}