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Unfortunately, path tracing produces noisy rendered results, thus, filtering or denoising is often applied as a post\u2010process to remove the noise. Previous works produce high\u2010quality denoised results, by accumulating the temporal samples. However, they cannot handle the details from bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) maps (e.g. roughness map). In this paper, we introduce the BRDF pre\u2010integration factorization for denoising to better preserve the details from BRDF maps. More specifically, we reformulate the rendering equation into two components: the BRDF pre\u2010integration component and the weighted\u2010lighting component. The BRDF pre\u2010integration component is noise\u2010free, since it does not depend on the lighting. Another key observation is that the weighted\u2010lighting component tends to be smooth and low\u2010frequency, which indicates that it is more suitable for denoising than the final rendered image. Hence, the weighted\u2010lighting component is denoised individually. Our BRDF pre\u2010integration demodulation approach is flexible for many real\u2010time filtering methods. We have implemented it in spatio\u2010temporal variance\u2010guided filtering (SVGF), ReLAX and ReBLUR. Compared to the original methods, our method manages to better preserve the details from BRDF maps, while both the memory and time cost are negligible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.14411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T12:02:41Z","timestamp":1638014561000},"page":"173-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Real\u2010time Denoising Using BRDF Pre\u2010integration Factorization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-6540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China  China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2945-0115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China  China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8943-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beibei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology  China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China  China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BauszatP. 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