{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:24:27Z","timestamp":1762507467811,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BD15\u20100082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BD15\u20100082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present an interactive approach to analyse flow fields using a new type of particle system, which is composed of autonomous particles exploring the flow. While particles provide a very intuitive way to visualize flows, it is a challenge to capture the important features with such systems. Particles tend to cluster in regions of low velocity and regions of interest are often sparsely populated. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose an automatic adaption of the particle density with respect to local importance measures. These measures are user defined and the systems sensitivity to them can be adjusted interactively. Together with the particle history, these measures define a probability for particles to multiply or die, respectively. There is no communication between the particles and no neighbourhood information has to be maintained. Thus, the particles can be handled in parallel and support a real\u2010time investigation of flow fields. To enhance the visualization, the particles' properties and selected field measures are also used to specify the systems rendering parameters, such as colour and size. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on different simulated vector fields from technical and medical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T14:37:22Z","timestamp":1533911842000},"page":"248-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Autonomous Particles for Interactive Flow Visualization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Wito","family":"Engelke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology Link\u00f6ping University Sweden"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lawonn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Simulation and Graphics University of Magdeburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Computational Visualistics University of Koblenz\u2010Landau Germany"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Preim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Simulation and Graphics University of Magdeburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Hotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technology Link\u00f6ping University Sweden"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"[BAH13]BrambillaA. AndreassenO. HauserH.:Integrated multi\u2010aspect visualization of 3D fluid flows.Proceedings of VMV: Vision Modeling & Visualization(Lugano Switzerland 2013) The Eurographics Association pp.1\u20139."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[Bat68]BatcherK. E.:Sorting networks and their applications.Proceedings of AFIPS(1968) 307.","DOI":"10.1145\/1468075.1468121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[BKKW08]B\u00fcrgerK. KondratievaP. KrugerJ. WestermannR.:Importance\u2010driven particle techniques for flow visualization. InProceedings of IEEE PacificVIS(Kyoto Japan 2008) pp.71\u201378.","DOI":"10.1109\/PACIFICVIS.2008.4475461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4031794"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Image\u2010space horizon\u2010based ambient occlusion","volume":"3","author":"Bavoil L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH Talks"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2013.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2011.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.142"},{"volume-title":"Eurographics Workshop on Visual Computing for Biology and Medicine","year":"2016","author":"Englund R.","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1140491.1140514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(98)00091-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112095000462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Screen space ambient occlusion","author":"Kajalin V.","year":"2009","journal-title":"ShaderX7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2005.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"[KLG*13]KuhnA. LindowN. G\u00fcntherT. WiebelA. TheiselH. HegeH. \u2010C.:Trajectory density projection for vector field visualization. InEuroVis: Short Papers 2013(Leipzig Germany 2013) M.HlawitschkaandT.Weinkauf(Eds.) pp.31\u201335."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1058129.1058146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[KWL*04]KindlmannG. L. WeinsteinD. M. LeeA. D. TogaA. W. ThompsonP. M.:Visualization of anatomic covariance tensor fields. InConference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society(San Francisco California USA 2004) vol. 1 pp.1842\u20131845.https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1403548&tag=1","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2004.1403548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11735-0_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deferred rendering for current and future rendering pipelines","author":"Lauritzen A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"SIGGRAPH Course: Beyond Programmable Shading"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3270049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01905562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Finding next gen: Cryengine 2","author":"Mittring M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH Courses"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2010.01650.x"},{"volume-title":"GPU Gems 2: Programming Techniques for High\u2010Performance Graphics and General\u2010Purpose Computation (Gpu Gems)","year":"2005","author":"Pharr M.","key":"e_1_2_8_26_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Deferred Shading Tutorial","volume":"31","author":"Policarpo F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-007-0204-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[SH95]SujudiD. HaimesR.:Identification of swirling flow in 3D vector fields. Tech. rep. Technical report Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics MIT 1995. AIAA Paper 95\u20101715 Boston USA 1995.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.1995-1715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2012.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"[\u00dcSK*12]\u00dcffingerM. SadloF. KirbyM. HansenC. ErtlT.:FTLE Computation beyond first\u2010order Approximation. InEurographics (Short Papers)(Cagliari Sardinia Italy 2012) C.AndujarandE.Puppo(Eds.) pp.61\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2011.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"[WKM05]WalkerR. KennyP. MiaoJ.:Visualization of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for astrophysics. InEG UK Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics(2005) L.Lewer(Ed.) pp.133\u2013138."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2010.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Radix sort for vector multiprocessors","author":"Zagha M.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE conference on Supercomputing"}],"container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcgf.13528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cgf.13528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cgf.13528","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cgf.13528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T08:52:15Z","timestamp":1751791935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cgf.13528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cgf.13528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cgf.13528","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0167-7055"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1467-8659"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-08-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}