{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T04:33:26Z","timestamp":1697517206988},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]],"date-time":"2013-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Segmenting a moving foreground (fg) from its background (bg) is a fundamental step in many Machine Vision and Computer Graphics applications. Nevertheless, hardly any attempts have been made to tackle this problem in dynamic 3D scanned scenes. Scanned dynamic scenes are typically challenging due to noise and large missing parts. Here, we present a novel approach for motion segmentation in dynamic point\u2010cloud scenes designed to cater to the unique properties of such data. Our key idea is to augment fg\/bg classification with an active learning framework by refining the segmentation process in an adaptive manner.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our method initially classifies the scene points as either fg or bg in an un\u2010supervised manner. This, by training discriminative RBF\u2010SVM classifiers on automatically labeled, high\u2010certainty fg\/bg points. Next, we adaptively detect unreliable classification regions (i.e. where fg\/bg separation is uncertain), locally add more training examples to better capture the motion in these areas, and re\u2010train the classifiers to fine\u2010tune the segmentation. This not only improves segmentation accuracy, but also allows our method to perform in a coarse\u2010to\u2010fine manner, thereby efficiently process high\u2010density point\u2010clouds. Additionally, we present a unique interactive paradigm for enhancing this learning process, by using a manual editing tool. The user explicitly edits the RBF\u2010SVM decision borders in unreliable regions in order to refine and correct the classification. We provide extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on both real (scanned) and synthetic dynamic scenes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T01:47:54Z","timestamp":1385430474000},"page":"51-60","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Interactive Learning for Point\u2010Cloud Motion Segmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yerry","family":"Sofer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Open University of Israel  Israel"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Hassner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Open University of Israel  Israel"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Sharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ben\u2010Gurion University  Israel"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1145\/566570.566626","volume-title":"Siggraph","author":"Allen B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Vision, Modeling, and Visualization","author":"Anuar N.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[BEBV*10]BouwmansT. El BafF. VachonB. et al.:Statistical background modeling for foreground detection: A survey.Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision(2010) 181\u2013199. 2.","DOI":"10.1142\/9789814273398_0008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Proc. of the workshop on Computational learning theory","author":"Boser B. E.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2011.5995508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-336156-1.50040-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[BM10]BroxT. MalikJ.:Object segmentation by long term analysis of point trajectories.ECCV(2010) 282\u2013295. 3.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15555-0_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[BS07]BaiX. SapiroG.:A geodesic framework for fast interactive image and video segmentation and matting. InICCV(2007) pp.1\u20138. 3.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA478319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proc. of SIGGRAPH","author":"Bai X.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1471","article-title":"Training and testing low\u2010degree polynomial data mappings via linear svm","volume":"99","author":"CHANG Y.-W.","year":"2010","journal-title":"JMLR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"2088","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Chang H.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1961189.1961199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00994018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision\u2010Part III","author":"Donato G.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Feng X.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"386","volume-title":"AVSS","author":"Gorur P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"328","volume-title":"Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)","author":"Ghuffar S.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2009.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Symposium on Computer Animation","author":"Guskov I.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-31295-3_34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Hayman E.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"[IKH*11]IzadiS. KimD. HilligesO. MolyneauxD. NewcombeR. KohliP. ShottonJ. HodgesS. FreemanD. DavisonA. FitzgibbonA.:KinectFusion: realtime 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera. InACM symposium on user interface software and technology(2011) pp.559\u2013568. 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"586","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Kanatani K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1618452.1618521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1073204.1073234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-011-0625-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"[LZW*09]LiaoM. ZhangQ. WangH. YangR. GongM.:Modeling deformable objects from a single depth camera. InProc. Int. Conf. on Comp. Vis.(2009). 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"[MFO*07]MitraN. J. Fl\u00f6ryS. OvsjanikovM. GelfandN. GuibasL. PottmannH.:Dynamic geometry registration. InProc. Eurographics Symp. on Geometry Processing(2007) pp.173\u2013182. 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"2160","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Mittal A.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","first-page":"1305","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Monnet A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"302","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Mittal A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","first-page":"1583","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Ochs P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8659.2008.01137.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","first-page":"779","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Price B.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(96)01103-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(02)00210-6"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Segmentation of point clouds using smoothness constraint","volume":"36","author":"Rabbani T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Archives of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1409060.1409063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","unstructured":"[SC00]SchohnG. CohnD.:Less is more: Active learning with support vector machines. InICML(2000) Citeseer. 3."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","volume-title":"Computer Sciences Technical Report","author":"Settles B.","year":"1648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"2979","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Siddiquie B.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"1219","volume-title":"ICCV","author":"Sheikh Y.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Support vector machine active learning with applications to text classification","volume":"2","author":"Tong S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"JMLR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2003.1248828"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","unstructured":"[VB*10]VaranasiK. BoyerE. et al.:Temporally coherent segmentation of 3d reconstructions. InInt. Symp. on 3D Data Proc. Visualization and Transmission(2010). 3."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","first-page":"3162","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Vezhnevets A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"2262","volume-title":"CVPR","author":"Vijayanarasimhan S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[VM04]VidalR. MaY.:A unified algebraic approach to 2\u2010D and 3\u2010D motion segmentation. InECCV(2004) Citeseer. 3.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24670-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073233","volume-title":"Proc. of SIGGRAPH","author":"Wang J.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"97","volume":"3","author":"Wang J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Image and video matting: a survey. Foundations and Trends r in Computer Graphics and Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/1275808.1276420","volume-title":"Siggraph","author":"White R.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","unstructured":"[WJH*07]WandM. JenkeP. HuangQ. BokelohM. GuibasL. SchillingA.:Reconstruction of deforming geometry from time\u2010varying point clouds. InProc. Eurographics Symp. on Geometry Processing(2007) pp.49\u201358. 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","volume-title":"Intelligent Science and Intelligent Data Engineering","author":"Yan C.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Improved adaptive gaussian mixture model for background subtraction","volume":"2","author":"Zivkovic Z.","year":"2004","journal-title":"ICPR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1015706.1015759"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","first-page":"3865","article-title":"A novel recursive bayesian learning\u2010based method for the efficient and accurate segmentation of video with dynamic background","volume":"21","author":"Zhu Q.","year":"2012","journal-title":"TIP"}],"container-title":["Computer Graphics Forum"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcgf.12211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cgf.12211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T04:25:04Z","timestamp":1697430304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cgf.12211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cgf.12211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cgf.12211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7055","1467-8659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7055","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-8659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}