{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:04:24Z","timestamp":1773979464506,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/tpami.2007.1009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T22:42:04Z","timestamp":1172875324000},"page":"701-717","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":400,"title":["Text-Independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Marius","family":"Bulacu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lambert","family":"Schomaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824821"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00129-7"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420048773"},{"key":"ref4","volume-title":"Forensic Handwriting Identification: Fundamental Concepts and Principles","author":"Morris","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"The Study of Handwriting Movement: Peripheral Models and Signal Processing Techniques","author":"Maarse","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(83)90028-8"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Simulation and Recognition of Handwriting Movements: A Vertical Approach to Modeling Human Motor Behavior","author":"Schomaker","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076770"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.18"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(89)90059-9"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00006-0"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5244\/C.12.48"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.689305"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.954608"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00063-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15447J","article-title":"Individuality of Handwriting","volume":"47","author":"Srihari","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Forensic Sciences"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.33"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1098(199624)7:4<304::AID-IMA5>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227824"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227826"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227835"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334329"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.03.024"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/elcvia.97"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030922"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227799"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953763"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_79"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.139"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320200071"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2004.107"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001401000848"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227797"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45179-2_57"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2004.22"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.4"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"260","article-title":"Improving Automatic Writer Identification","volume-title":"Proc. 17th Belgium-Netherlands Conf. Artificial Intelligence","author":"van der Maaten"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"282","article-title":"The WANDA Measurement Tool for Forensic Document Examination","volume-title":"Proc. Conf. Int\u2019l Graphonomics Soc.","author":"van Erp"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013565"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227828"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Forensic Writer Identification: A Benchmark Data Set and a Comparison of Two Systems","author":"Schomaker","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"35","article-title":"Automatic Segmentation of the IAM Offline Database for Handwritten English Text","volume-title":"Proc. 16th Int\u2019l Conf. Pattern Recognition","volume":"4","author":"Zimmermann"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1994.576870"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-73402-1_22"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1995.599041"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1995.602024"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1977.4309648"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313153"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1982.4308832"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Pattern Classification","author":"Duda","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-00784-6"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-2670(00)82860-3"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1933.0009"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.667881"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-254-2"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45428-4_32"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Biometric Decision Landscapes","volume-title":"Technical Report TR482","author":"Daugman","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.244676"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.587996"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1130.003.0015"},{"key":"ref62","volume-title":"An Introduction to Support Vector Machines","author":"Cristianini","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx5\/34\/4107554\/04107573.pdf?arnumber=4107573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T05:35:08Z","timestamp":1742016908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/4107573\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tpami.2007.1009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-8828","2160-9292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-8828","type":"print"},{"value":"2160-9292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}