{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1777486607567,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u2010MS\u2010098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u2010MS\u2010098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61903061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61903061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Circuits, Devices &amp;amp; Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As one of the most critical blocks of the CMOS image sensor (CIS), the accuracy and power consumption of the analogue\u2010to\u2010digital converter (ADC) play an important role in its performance. However, due to the mutually restrictive relationship between power consumption and accuracy in the single\u2010slope ADC (SS ADC), it is difficult to improve these performance indexes meantime without an efficient optimal design method. Here, an optimal design methodology based on an improved artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm (IAFSOA) is proposed for a 10\u2010bit SS ADC in CIS. First, a voltage storage structure and offset calibration circuit are developed for promoting the performance of the comparator. Then, IAFSOA is developed for the circuit parameters optimization with faster convergence rate and higher computational accuracy. The proposed multi\u2010objectives optimization algorithm can obtain the optimal parameters of the kernel circuit components and lead to an enhancement of both power consumption and accuracy. The optimized SS ADC is designed based on 0.18\u00a0\u00b5m process to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared to the earlier reported work, the IAFSOA\u2010based optimal design method can promote the performance of the SS ADC by an improvement of effective number of bits and a reduction of power consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cds2.12070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T05:01:05Z","timestamp":1617598865000},"page":"787-802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Optimal design of 10\u2010bit single\u2010slope ADC for CMOS image sensor based on swarm intelligent optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2254-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan\u2010Hua","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu\u2010Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Microelectronics Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"},{"name":"DUT Artificial Intelligence Institute  Dalian China"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140711825"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"104","volume-title":"Proceedings of international conference ISSCC","author":"HyunChul K.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12209-013-2011-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2011.5746379"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Proceedings of international conference ISLPED","author":"Hamed A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"255","volume-title":"Proceedings of international conference RTEICT","author":"Dhananjaya T.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2003.1290749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISED.2011.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds.2018.5259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SMACD.2018.8434863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CINTI.2011.6108562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Optimal design of complementary metal\u2010oxide\u2010semiconductor analogue circuits: an evolutionary approach","volume":"80","author":"Sumalya G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. 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