{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:13:24Z","timestamp":1758892404314,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Braz Comp Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mobile phones are a widespread platform for ICT applications because they are highly pervasive in contemporary society. Hence, we can think of mobile gaming as a serious candidate to being a prominent form of entertainment in the near future. However, most games (for computers, console and mobile devices) make extensive use of the visual medium, which tends to exclude visually-impaired users from the play. While mobile gaming could potentially reach many visually-impaired users, who are very familiar with this technology, currently there seems to be only very few alternatives for this community. In an attempt to explore new interactive possibilities for such users, this work presents an initial study on non-visual interfaces for mobile phone games. It is based on Semiotic Engineering principles, emphasizing communication through aural, tactile and gestural signs, and deliberately excluding visual information. Results include a number of issues that can be incorporated to a wider research agenda on mobile gaming accessibility, both for the visually-impaired and sighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03192576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,11]],"date-time":"2010-11-11T16:07:47Z","timestamp":1289491667000},"page":"45-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Turn off the graphics: designing non-visual interfaces for mobile phone games"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Valente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clarisse Sieckenius","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Feij\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"BF03192576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6175.001.0001","volume-title":"The semiotic engineering of human-computer interaction","author":"CS Souza","year":"2005","unstructured":"Souza CS.The semiotic engineering of human-computer interaction. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 2005."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR2","volume-title":"Fundamentals of game design","author":"E Adams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adams E, Rollings A.Fundamentals of game design. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 2006."},{"issue":"2","key":"BF03192576_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2008.4560153","volume":"54","author":"J Baek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baek J, Yun B. A sequence-action recognition applying state machine for user interface.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2008; 54(2):719\u2013726.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics"},{"issue":"2","key":"BF03192576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2006.08.008","volume":"19","author":"P Barr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barr P, Noble J, Biddle R. Video game values: human-computer interaction and games.Interacting with Computers 2007; 19(2):180\u2013195.","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"},{"issue":"2","key":"BF03192576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1162\/105474699566107","volume":"8","author":"KE Bystrom","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bystrom KE, Barfield W, Hendrix C. A conceptual model of sense of presence in virtual environments.Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1999; 8(2):109\u2013121.","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR6","unstructured":"Cai Y.The new frontier: portable and mobile gaming. Park & Associates Report. [on the internet]. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.parksassociates.com\/research\/reports\/tocs\/2008\/mobilegaming.htm\u232a. Access in: 16\/08\/2008."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR7","volume-title":"Man, play and games","author":"R Caillois","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caillois R.Man, play and games. Champaign: University of Illinois Press; 2001."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X0411000107","volume":"110","author":"N Caldwell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Caldwell N. Theoretical frameworks for analyzing turn-based computer strategy games.Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy 2004; (110):42\u201351.","journal-title":"Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR9","unstructured":"Crawford C.The art of computer game design. [on the internet]. Washington: State University Vancouver; 1982. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.vancouver.wsu.edu\/fac\/peabody\/game-book\/Coverpage.html\u232a. Access in: 16\/08\/2008."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desurvire H, Caplan M, Toth JA. Using heuristics to evaluate the playability of games. In:Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems; 2004; Vienna. p. 1509\u20131512.","DOI":"10.1145\/985921.986102"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR11","unstructured":"Drewes T, Mynatt E, Gandy M. Sleuth: an audio experience. In:Proceedings of The International Conference on Auditory Display; 2000; Atlanta. Atlanta: 2000."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-15849-2","volume-title":"A theory of semiotics","author":"U Eco","year":"1976","unstructured":"Eco U.A theory of semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1976."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR13","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology; 2005; Valencia","author":"L Ekman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ekman L, Ermi L, Lahti J, Nummela J, Lankoski P, M\u00e4yr\u00e4 F. Designing sound for a pervasive mobile game. In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology; 2005; Valencia. Valencia: ACM Press; 2005. p. 110\u2013116."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR14","unstructured":"Faust M, Yoo YH. Haptic feedback in pervasive games. In:Third International Workshop on Pervasive Gaming Applications; 2006; Dublin. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.e56.de\/download\/HapticFeedbackInPervasiveGames.pdf\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR15","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology; 2004; Singapore","author":"J Friberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Friberg J, G\u00e4rdenfors D. Audio games: new perspectives on game audio. In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology; 2004; Singapore. Singapore: ACM Press; 2004. p. 148\u2013154."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR16","unstructured":"GAME Accessibility: gaming with a visual disability. [on the internet]. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.game accessibility.com\/index.php?pagefile=visual\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbertson P, Coulton P, Chehimi F, Vajk T. Using \u201ctilt\u201d as an interface to control \u201cno-button\u201d 3-D mobile games.ACM Computers in Entertainment 2008; 6(3).","DOI":"10.1145\/1394021.1394031"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glinert E, Wyse L. AudiOdyssey: an accessible video game for both sighted and non-sighted gamers. In:Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play; 2007; Ontario. p. 251\u2013252.","DOI":"10.1145\/1328202.1328255"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR19","volume-title":"Homo Ludens: a study of the play-element in culture","author":"J Huizinga","year":"1966","unstructured":"Huizinga J.Homo Ludens: a study of the play-element in culture. Boston: Beacon Press; 1966."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR20","unstructured":"IGDA Game Accessbility SIG.Accessibility in games: motivations and approaches. [on the internet]. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.igda.org\/accessibility\/IGDA_Accessibility_WhitePaper.pdf\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iglesias R, Casado S, Gutierrez T, Barbero JI, Avizzano CA, Marcheschi S, Bergamasco M. Computer graphics access for blind people through a haptic and audio virtual environment. In:Proceedings of The 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Haptic, Audio, and Visual Environments and their Applications; 2004; Ottawa. p. 13\u201318.","DOI":"10.1109\/HAVE.2004.1391874"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korhonen H, Koivisto EMI. Playability heuristics for mobile games. In:Proceedings of the 8th Conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services; 2006; Helsinki. p. 9\u201316.","DOI":"10.1145\/1152215.1152218"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR23","unstructured":"Lakoff G, Johnson M.Metaphors we live by. Chicago; 1980."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR24","series-title":"Technical Report TR-CIM-05.08","volume-title":"Blindness, technology and haptics","author":"V L\u00e9vesque","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00e9vesque V.Blindness, technology and haptics. Technical Report TR-CIM-05.08. Montreal: Center for Intelligent Machines, Mc Gill University; 2005."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liljedahl M, Papworth N, Lindberg S. Beowulf: an audio mostly game. In:Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology; 2007; Salzburg. p. 200\u2013203.","DOI":"10.1145\/1255047.1255088"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linjama J, Kaaresoja T. Novel, minimalist haptic gesture interaction for mobile devices. In:Proceedings of the NordiCHI 2004; 2004; Tampere. p. 457\u2013458.","DOI":"10.1145\/1028014.1028095"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR27","unstructured":"Lombard M, Ditton T. At the heart of it all: the concept of presence.Journal of Computer Mediated Communication 1997; 3(2). [on the internet]. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/jcmc.indiana.edu\/vol3\/issue2\/lombard.html\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR28","first-page":"318","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems; 1999; Pittsburgh","author":"M Lumbreras","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lumbreras M, S\u00e1nchez J. Interactive 3D sound hyperstories for blind children. In:Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems; 1999; Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: ACM Press; 1999. p. 318\u2013325."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malone TW. Heuristics for designing enjoyable user interfaces: lessons from computer games. In:Proceedings of the Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems; 1982; Gaithersburg. p. 63\u201368.","DOI":"10.1145\/800049.801756"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR30","unstructured":"Murphy E, Kuber R, Strain P, McAllister G, Yu W. Developing sounds for a multimodal interface: conveying spatial information to visually impaired web users. In:Proceedings of The International Conference on Auditory Display; 2007; Montr\u00e9al. p. 26-29."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR31","volume-title":"The nature of computer games: play as semiosis","author":"D Myers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Myers D.The nature of computer games: play as semiosis. New York: Peter Lang; 2003."},{"issue":"3","key":"BF03192576_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1109\/30.468083","volume":"41","author":"M Ouhyoung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ouhyoung M, Tsai WN, Tsai MC, Wu JR, Huang CH, Yang TJ. A low-cost force feedback joystick and its use in PC video games.IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 1995; 41(3):787\u2013794.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR33","unstructured":"Nokia.Nokia N95 specification. [on the internet]. Available from: http:\/\/www.forum.nokia.com\/devices\/N95\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR34","volume-title":"The Essential Peirce: selected philosophical writings. In: Houser N, Kloesel CJW. (Orgs.)","author":"CS Peirce","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peirce CS.The Essential Peirce: selected philosophical writings. In: Houser N, Kloesel CJW. (Orgs.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press; 1998."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR35","unstructured":"Pirhonen A, Murphy E, McAllister G, Yu W. Non-speech sounds as elements of a use scenario: a semiotic perspective. In:Proceedings of The International Conference on Auditory Display; 2007; London. p. 20\u201323."},{"issue":"4","key":"BF03192576_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.15.4.381","volume":"15","author":"N Ravaja","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ravaja N, Saari T, Turpeinen M, Laarni J, Salminen M, Kivikangas M. Spatial presence and emotions during video game playing: does it matter with whom you play?Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2006; 15(4): 381\u2013392.","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR37","volume-title":"Rules of play: game design fundamentals","author":"K Salen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salen K, Zimmermann E.Rules of play: game design fundamentals. Cambridge: The MIT Press; 2004."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR38","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies; 2007; Cardiff","author":"S Ur-Rehman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ur-Rehman S, Liu L, Li H. Vibration soccer: tactile rendering of football game on mobiles. In:Proceedings of the Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies; 2007; Cardiff. Cardiff: IEEE Press; 2007. p. 9\u201313."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/355460.355469","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability; 2000; Arlington","author":"G Vanderheiden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vanderheiden G. Fundamental principles and priority setting for universal usability. In:Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability; 2000; Arlington. Arlington: ACM Press; 2000. p. 32\u201337."},{"key":"BF03192576_CR40","unstructured":"VIBETONZ system. [on the internet]. Available from: \u2329http:\/\/www.vibetonz.com\u232a. Access in: 11\/08\/2008"},{"key":"BF03192576_CR41","volume-title":"Auralization: fundamentals of acoustics, modelling, simulation, algorithms and acoustic virtual reality","author":"M Vorl\u00e4nder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vorl\u00e4nder M.Auralization: fundamentals of acoustics, modelling, simulation, algorithms and acoustic virtual reality. Cambridge: Springer; 2007."},{"issue":"3","key":"BF03192576_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1162\/105474698565686","volume":"7","author":"BG Witmer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Witmer BG, Singer MJ. Measuring presence in virtual environments: a presence questionnaire.Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 1998; 7(3):225\u2013240.","journal-title":"Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments"},{"issue":"2","key":"BF03192576_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2006.08.007","volume":"19","author":"P Zaphiris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zaphiris P, Ang CS. HCI issues in computer games.Interacting with Computers 2007; 19(2):135\u2013139.","journal-title":"Interacting with Computers"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03192576.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF03192576\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03192576","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/BF03192576.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T19:20:08Z","timestamp":1740684008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal-bcs.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1007\/BF03192576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BF03192576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03192576","relation":{},"ISSN":["0104-6500","1678-4804"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0104-6500"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1678-4804"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}