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In this paper, we propose DMAC, an energy efficient and low latency MAC that is designed and optimized for such data gathering trees in wireless sensor networks. We first show that previously proposed MAC protocols for sensor networks that utilize activation\/sleep duty cycles suffer from a <jats:italic>data forwarding interruption problem<\/jats:italic>, whereby not all nodes on a multihop path to the sink can be notified of data delivery in progress, resulting in significant sleep delay. DMAC is designed to solve the interruption problem, by giving the active\/sleep schedule of a node an offset that depends upon its depth on the tree. This scheme allows continuous packet forwarding because all nodes on the multihop path can be notified of the data delivery in progress. DMAC also adjusts node duty cycles adaptively according to the traffic load in the network by varying the number of active slots in an schedule interval. We further propose a <jats:italic>data prediction<\/jats:italic> mechanism and the use of <jats:italic>more to send<\/jats:italic> (MTS) packets in order to alleviate problems pertaining to channel contention and collisions. Our simulation results as well as experimental results with the Mote platform show that by exploiting the application\u2010specific structure of data gathering trees in sensor networks, DMAC provides significant energy savings and latency reduction while ensuring high data reliability. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]],"date-time":"2007-05-10T10:21:48Z","timestamp":1178792508000},"page":"863-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["An adaptive energy\u2010efficient and low\u2010latency MAC for tree\u2010based data gathering in sensor networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Krishnamachari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cauligi S.","family":"Raghavendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WooA CullerD.A transmission control scheme for media access in sensor networks.Mobicom July2001.","DOI":"10.1145\/381677.381699"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2004.828953"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"DamTV LangendoenK.An adaptive energy\u2010efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks.ACM Sensys November2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","article-title":"On\u2010demand power management for ad hoc networks","author":"Zheng R","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Infocom"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhengR HouJC ShaL.Asynchronous wakeup for ad hoc networks.ACM MobiHoc 2003.","DOI":"10.1145\/778415.778420"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"JungE\u2010S VaidyaNH.An energy efficient MAC protocol for wireless LANs.IEEE Infocom 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El\u2010HoiydiA DecotignieJD EnzC Le RouxE.WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the wiseNET wireless sensor network. 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