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Staged configuration is a process that allows the incremental configuration of cardinality\u2010based feature models. It can be achieved by performing a step\u2010wise specialization of the feature model. In this article, we argue that cardinality\u2010based feature models can be interpreted as a special class of context\u2010free grammars. We make this precise by specifying a translation from a feature model into a context\u2010free grammar. Consequently, we provide a semantic interpretation for cardinality\u2010based feature models by assigning an appropriate semantics to the language recognized by the corresponding grammar. Finally, we give an account on how feature model specialization can be formalized as transformations on the grammar equivalent of feature models. Copyright \u00a9 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,10]],"date-time":"2005-03-10T16:58:01Z","timestamp":1110473881000},"page":"7-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":377,"title":["Formalizing cardinality\u2010based feature models and their specialization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Czarnecki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Helsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Eisenecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AntkiewiczM CzarneckiK.2004. 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