{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1773217033036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4000121303\/17\/F\/MOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4000121303\/17\/F\/MOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Satell Commun Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The delay\u2010\/disruption\u2010tolerant networking (DTN) architecture is considered the key enabling technology for future space communications, as confirmed by the current standardization within CCSDS and the experiments carried out onboard the International Space Station. Despite the scientific community efforts to analyze DTN architecture performance, most of the studies have focused on individual protocols, or have considered simple test cases, thus missing a whole system view. To bridge these research gaps, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of DTN performance in Mars\u2010Earth communications, considering a realistic and complex end\u2010to\u2010end scenario, where multiple assets and multiple data flows are involved, as envisioned for future space missions. To this end, a virtualized testbed based on ION software was used for an extensive emulation campaign, focusing particularly on Bundle and Licklider Protocol interaction with the CGR routing algorithm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T03:34:55Z","timestamp":1566876895000},"page":"11-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["DTN performance analysis of multi\u2010asset Mars\u2010Earth communications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Alessi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI\/ARCES University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6576-7320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Caini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DEI\/ARCES University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0509-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomaso","family":"de Cola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DLR\u2010German Aerospace Center Institute of Communications and Navigation  We\u00dfling Germany"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESA\u2010European Space Agency ESOC  Darmstadt Germany"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Pierce","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMV INSYEN  We\u00dfling Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2003.1204759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"CerfV HookeA TorgersonL et al. \u201cDelay\u2010tolerant networking architecture\u201d Internet RFC 4838 Apr. 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ScottK BurleighS. \u201cBundle protocol specification\u201d Internet RFC5050Nov. 2007.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RamadasM BurleighS FarrellS. \u201cLicklider transmission protocol\u201d Internet RFC 5326 Sept. 2008.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc5325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"CCSDS 734.0\u2010G\u20103\u201cRationale scenarios and requirements for DTN in space.\u201d CCSDS Green Book Issue 3 Jul.2014.https:\/\/public.ccsds.org\/Pubs\/130x0g3.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"CCSDS 734.2\u2010B\u20101\u201cCCSDS bundle protocol specification\u201d CCSDS Blue Book Issue 1 Sept.2015.https:\/\/public.ccsds.org\/Pubs\/734x1b1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"CCSDS 734.1\u2010B\u20101\u201cLicklider transmission protocol (LTP) for CCSDS\u201d CCSDS Blue Book Issue 1 May2015.https:\/\/public.ccsds.org\/Pubs\/734x1b1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"CCSDS 734.3\u2010R\u20101\u201cScheduled\u2010aware bundle routing\u201d proposed draft recommended standard Red Book Jul. 2018 work in progress.https:\/\/public.ccsds.org\/Lists\/CCSDS%207343R1\/734x3r1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Internet Engineering Task Force DTN Working Group (DTNWG)web site:https:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/wg\/dtnwg\/charter\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BurleighS.Interplanetary overlay network (ION) an implementation of the DTN bundle protocol In the Proc. of 4th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference 2007;222\u2010226.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2007.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"ION code and manual:http:\/\/sourceforge.net\/projects\/ion\u2010dtn\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2832832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2018.2820398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2665539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlessiN BurleighS CainiC De ColaT \u201cDesign and performance evaluation of LTP enhancements for lossy space channels\u201d Wiley International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking pp.1\u201012 March 2018 (on line).","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1238"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2015.7060480"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KazzG BurleighSC CheungKM ShahB. \u201cEvolution of the Mars relay network end\u2010to\u2010end information system in the Mars human era (2030\u20102040) \u201d SpaceOps2016Conference. Daejeon Korea.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2016-2420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TaiWS AbrahamDS CheungKM. \u201cMars Planetary network for human exploration era\u2014potential challenges and solutions \u201d2018SpaceOps Conference. Marseille France.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WyattJ BurleighS JonesR TorgersonL WisslerS. \u201cDisruption tolerant networking flight validation experiment on NASA's EPOXI Mission \u201d 2009 First International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications Colmar 2009 pp.187\u2010196.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPACOMM.2009.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchlesingerA WillmanBM PittsL DavidsonSR PohlchuckWA. \u201cDelay\/disruption tolerant networking for the International Space Station (ISS) \u201d 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference Big Sky MT 2017;1\u201014.","DOI":"10.1109\/AERO.2017.7943857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2011.2158378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GladdenRE KazzG BurleighS WenkertD EdwardsCD. \u201cNext generation relay services at Mars via an international relay network \u201d 2018 SpaceOps Conference. Marseille France.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2018-2429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Eropean Data Relay Satellite System (EDRS) Overviewhttps:\/\/artes.esa.int\/edrs\/overview"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlessiN CainiC deColaT MartinS Pierce MayerJ. \u201cDTN performance in complex deep\u2010space networks\u201d in Proc. of ASMS 2018 Berlin Germany Sept. 2018;1\u20107.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASMS-SPSC.2018.8510736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"GMV Space Analysis web site https:\/\/www.gmv.com\/en\/Sectors\/space\/Space_Segment\/Mission_Analysis_and_Systems_Engineering.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"ApollonioP CainiC GiustiM LacameraD. \u201cVirtualbricks for DTN satellite communications research and education\u201d in Proc. of PSATS 2014 Genoa Italy July 2014;1\u201014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CainiC d'AmicoA RodolfiM. \u201cDTNperf_3: a Further enhanced tool for delay\u2010\/disruption\u2010 tolerant networking performance evaluation\u201d in Proc. of IEEE Globecom 2013 Atlanta USA December2013 pp.3009\u20103015.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2013.6831533"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sat.1326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/sat.1326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/sat.1326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T03:19:47Z","timestamp":1693192787000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/sat.1326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/sat.1326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sat.1326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0973","1542-0981"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0973","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0981","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}