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In this work, we consider the energy\u2010minimized design problem for IP over flexible optical networks. We provide an energy\u2010aware multilayer network\u2010planning algorithm, which takes as input the network topology, the IP end\u2010to\u2010end traffic matrix, the modular model of the IP\/MPLS routers, and the feasible configurations of the flexible optical transponders. The algorithm serves the demands for their requested rates by placing router modules, selecting the paths in the IP topology, and the corresponding paths and spectrum slots in the underlying optical topology, together with the flexible optical transponders' transmission configurations. The algorithm's objective is to minimize the network's energy consumption, jointly accounting for the energy consumption of the routers' modules installed, the transponders used, and their configurations. Using realistic energy consumption and network traffic models, we evaluate the energy savings obtained when the proposed algorithm is applied to a flexible network, as opposed to a mixed\u2010line\u2010rate wavelength division multiplexing optical network. Moreover, we consider two optimization scenarios, comparing the joint energy consumption optimization of IP and optical layers to a sequential optimization of the energy consumed at these two layers. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.3032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T13:32:47Z","timestamp":1438867967000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Energy\u2010minimized design of IP over flexible optical networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Gkamas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering and Informatics Department University of Patras 26504 Rio Greece"},{"name":"Computer Technology Institute and Press \u00abDiophantus\u00bb 26504 Rio Greece"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Christodoulopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering and Informatics Department University of Patras 26504 Rio Greece"},{"name":"Computer Technology Institute and Press \u00abDiophantus\u00bb 26504 Rio Greece"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios J.","family":"Vergados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering and Informatics Department University of Patras 26504 Rio Greece"},{"name":"Computer Technology Institute and Press \u00abDiophantus\u00bb 26504 Rio Greece"}]},{"given":"Emmanouel","family":"Varvarigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Engineering and Informatics Department University of Patras 26504 Rio Greece"},{"name":"Computer Technology Institute and Press \u00abDiophantus\u00bb 26504 Rio Greece"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"LeischingP PickavetM.Energy footprint of ICT: forecasts and network solutions OFC\/NFOEC Workshop on Energy Footprint of ICT: Forecast and Network Solutions2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.062410.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LangeC KosiankowskiD GerlachC WestphalF\u2010J GladischA.Energy consumption of telecommunication networks European Conference on Optical Communication2009.","DOI":"10.1109\/ECOC.2010.5621088"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2332360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-opt.2013.0046"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"2965","article-title":"A joint multi\u2010layer planning algorithm for IP over flexible optical networks","volume":"33","author":"Gkamas V","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.5.001296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4304\/jnw.7.5.776-782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Idealist deliverable D1.1: \u201cElastic Optical Network Architecture: reference scenario cost and planning\u201d 73\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOCN.1.000176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HasanM FarahmandF PatelA JueJ.Traffic grooming in green optical networks.IEEE International Conference on Communications2010; 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