{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:07:37Z","timestamp":1762283257618,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52477207","6212530","U23B20129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52477207","6212530","U23B20129"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper proposes a current\u2010fed single\u2010stage input\u2010parallel\u2010output\u2010series (IPOS) modular converter for a large\u2010scale photovoltaic (PV) generation connected to MVDC grids, which can realize maximum power point tracking and auto\u2010voltage\u2010sharing by only sampling the PV voltage and current. The submodule (SM) is integrated by an interleaved parallel boost unit and a full\u2010bridge LC series resonant unit. The simple pulse width modulation is adopted, while the drivers of different SMs are interleaved but with the same duty cycle set. Because the full\u2010bridge LC series resonant unit operates as a DC transformer (DCX) with zero\u2010current switching realized for all rectifier diodes, the voltage gain of SM is only related to the duty cycle of the interleaved parallel boost unit for the boost inductor current is continuous. Hence, without any SM output voltage nor input current sensors, the SMs can automatically share the output voltage by using the same duty cycle set for each SM. Moreover, the zero\u2010voltage\u2010switching can be realized for switches. A 1.5\u2010kW prototype with three SMs is built to verify the converter characteristics and control strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T12:03:39Z","timestamp":1741694619000},"page":"6438-6448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current\u2010Fed Single\u2010Stage Converter With MPPT and Auto\u2010Voltage\u2010Sharing Integrated for MVDC Grids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Guangfu","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"China\u2013Egypt Renewable Energy \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Joint Laboratory  New Cairo Egypt"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Central South University  Changsha China"}]},{"given":"Litao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Central South University  Changsha China"}]},{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"China\u2013Egypt Renewable Energy \u201cBelt and Road\u201d Joint Laboratory  New Cairo Egypt"}]},{"given":"Haifei","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Industrial and Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd.  Nanjing China"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Industrial and Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd.  Nanjing China"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Construction Industrial and Energy Engineering Group Co., Ltd.  Nanjing China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.2548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2014.2352931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2014.2382690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PEDG.2016.7527045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON43393.2020.9254368"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2018.2874936"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Review of Voltage\/Current Sharing Techniques for Series\u2010Parallel\u2010Connected Modular Power Conversion Systems","volume":"99","author":"Chen W.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2017.2702018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu S. Sun K. Cao G. Li Y. Ha J.\u2010I. andMin G.\u2010H.A High Step\u2010Up Modular Isolated DC\u2010DC Converter for Large Capacity Photovoltaic Generation System Integrated Into MVDC Grids 2019 10th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2019 \u2010 ECCE Asia) Busan South Korea 2019 pp.1915\u20131920.","DOI":"10.23919\/ICPE2019-ECCEAsia42246.2019.8797333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IPEC.2010.5542018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"2017 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS)","author":"Cao G.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2016.2637827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRERA.2017.8191131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2017.8096870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2019.2924145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2018.8591531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICPE2019-ECCEAsia42246.2019.8797198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2018.2878964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JESTPE.2022.3198825"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPEL.2022.3149294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE50734.2022.9947435"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Hybrid, Optimal, Intelligent and Classical PV MPPT Techniques: A Review","volume":"7","author":"Bollipo R. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cta.4471","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T19:00:38Z","timestamp":1762282838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cta.4471"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cta.4471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cta.4471","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-9886","1097-007X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0098-9886"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-007X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}