{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:03:53Z","timestamp":1759730633026,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circuit Theory &amp;amp; Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents a battery\u2010free ultra\u2010low\u2010power (ULP), highly integrated, and wide\u2010bandwidth low\u2010IF radio\u2010frequency (RF) receiver designed for millimeter\u2010wave (mm\u2010Wave) applications, utilizing 130\u2010nm CMOS technology. The suggested RF receiver is suitable for K\u2010band (n258) at 26\u2009GHz, Ka\u2010band (n261 and n257) at 28\u2009GHz, and the LMDS band at 28\u2009GHz in fifth\u2010generation applications. The proposed radio receiver consists of a low\u2010noise driver stage implemented using a complementary current\u2010reuse common gate with an active shunt feedback configuration and an in\u2010phase\/quadrature\u2010phase (I\/Q) demodulator. The proposed RF receiver employs transformer coupling to isolate the DC path between the transconductance stage (RF stage) and the switching stage (IF stage). The driver stage expands the RF input impedance while maintaining acceptable linearity and gain with ultra\u2010low DC power dissipation. The DC supplies for the proposed mm\u2010Wave RF receiver are generated using two novel energy\u2010harvesting voltage doubler circuits to provide positive and negative voltages. The proposed mm\u2010Wave radio receiver consumes 0.475\u2009mW from a 1.1\u00a0V DC supply and exhibits a power conversion gain (CG) of 6.3\u00a0dB, with a 3\u00a0dB frequency bandwidth extending from 22 to 32\u2009GHz. The input 1\u2010dB compression point (P1dB) of the RF receiver is \u22122.65\u2009dBm, and the input third\u2010order intercept point (IIP3) is 7.35\u2009dBm. With a sensitivity of \u221266.5\u00a0dBm at a 100\u2009MHz channel bandwidth and a dynamic range of 63.85\u2009dB, the suggested receiver demonstrates notable performance characteristics. The proposed radio receiver boasts an excellent figure of merit (FoM) at 215\u2009dB, surpassing published works by a margin of 8\u201331\u2009dB. The primary positive supply voltage is derived from a double\u2010band positive voltage doubler with series resonance feedback and parallel resonance networks, efficiently achieving the desired DC voltage and output current (1.1\u00a0V and 450\u2009\u03bcA). Meanwhile, the negative gate bias is provided by a negative voltage doubler, ensuring the necessary negative voltage (\u22120.5\u00a0V) without any current conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.4101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T03:40:46Z","timestamp":1716522046000},"page":"5947-5960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Battery\u2010free ultra\u2010low\u2010power radio\u2010frequency receiver for mm\u2010wave applications using 130\u2010nm CMOS technology with harvested DC supplies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8501-1101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Mansour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microelectronics Department Electronics Research Institute (ERI)  Cairo Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2145-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering Benha University  Cairo Egypt"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2022.105393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3149311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2020.2985676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISOCC47750.2019.9027756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFIC.2016.7508323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1759078720001270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10470\u2010020\u201001792\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2021.105006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AnderssonS Sundstr\u00f6mL MattissonS.Design considerations for 5G mm\u2010wave receivers. 2017 Fifth International Workshop on Cloud Technologies and Energy Efficiency in Mobile Communication Networks (CLEEN). 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