{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:08:43Z","timestamp":1770836923440,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comp Applic In Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the rapid advancement of the renewable energy industry, hydrogen fuel cells, known for their high energy conversion efficiency, low pollution, and minimal noise during operation, remain at the forefront of industrial research. Consequently, the production processes and performance testing methods of hydrogen fuel cells have become essential components in the curricula of relevant educational institutions. This study develops a virtual simulation engineering education software based on Unity3D, specifically designed to facilitate learning for students and educators in secondary vocational, higher vocational, and tertiary institutions regarding hydrogen fuel cell performance testing. By leveraging existing preparatory materials, the software integrates core professional knowledge, such as the working principles and system structures of hydrogen fuel cells. The theoretical and practical teaching content was determined based on course design requirements. Furthermore, the development process was outlined, including software design, model and scene construction, implementation of interactive functions, software testing, and deployment. Evaluation of the software's functionality and educational effectiveness revealed positive feedback from both teachers and students. The software enhanced students' understanding of hydrogen fuel cell performance testing, improved teaching and learning efficiency, and contributed to greater educational equity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.70095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:57:01Z","timestamp":1761904621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of a Unity3D\u2010Based Virtual Simulation Tool for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Performance Testing in Engineering Education"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1516-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Luochao","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Junfu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Lian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Wanwei Tonghua Technology Co., LTD Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University Chengdu China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Reform and Exploration of Fire System Engineering Teaching in Virtual Simulation Environment","volume":"13","author":"Chen H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Xueyuan"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1275511.1275513"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.70015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2945700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22710"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"702","article-title":"Development of Virtual Biology Lab: Effectiveness of Application in Undergraduate Courses","volume":"30","author":"Bortnik B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Design and Application of Vehicle Energy Management Strategy Based on Hydrogen Fuel Cells","author":"Wu M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Automobile Manufacturing Industry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"D.Wang.2023.Research on Hydrogen Energy Planning and Hydrogen Station Site Optimization in Coastal Areas. Dalian Maritime University Doctoral Dissertation."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Key Issues and Countermeasures for Safety Supervision of the Hydrogen Energy Industry Chain","author":"Jiang C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"China Emergency Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Overview of Hydrogen Energy Development Policies in Major Countries in 2019","volume":"35","author":"Zhao Q.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Science and Technology Economy Outlook"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Research on the Policy Changes and Stages of China's New Energy Vehicle Industry","author":"Liu Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science Research Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Electrostatic Generation Mechanism and Hazard Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Systems","volume":"10","author":"Yu Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shanghai 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Industry"},{"issue":"05","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Research on Key Technologies for Energy Metering of Hydrogen Fuel Cells","volume":"6","author":"Gao W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Industry Science and Technology Innovation"},{"issue":"09","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Overview of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rail Vehicles Based on Hybrid Power","volume":"45","author":"Wang K.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Solar Energy Journal"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Research on the Development Trends of Key Technologies for Hydrogen Fuel Cells","volume":"44","author":"Zheng Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Modern Chemical Industry"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Industry Development and Prospects (Part I)","year":"2024","journal-title":"Automobile and 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