Vocabulary

• Fix to #773: Added actionPlatform as a simpler mechanism to specify the platform for EntryPoint targets.
• Fix to #823: Marked homeLocation, workLocation as subproperties of location, and marked location as expecting textual values.
• Fix to #818: Added OfferCatalog for specifying a catalog of offers by an Organization or Service.
• Fix to #817: Added providerMobility to describe whether a service provider is at a fixed location or has a dynamic location.
• Fix to #445: Added ExhibitionEvent and added a superproperty of workPresented and workPerformed to cover event-to-work relationships such as a work being exhibited.
• Fix to #113: Added GeoCircle as a subtype of GeoShape, providing a more usable mechanism than circle structured text; added geoRadius, geoMidpoint to describe the size and location of these circular areas.
• Fix to #323: Added locationCreated to CreativeWork.
• Fix to #811: Renamed containedIn as containedInPlace, and added an inverse containsPlace.
• Fix to #810: postalCode and addressCountry are now an expected property for GeoShape and GeoCoordinates. Adjusted addressCountry to allow textual values, matching the existing definition.
• Fix to #801: Broadened award, category, offers to be applicable on Service. Extended itemOffered to expect Service as a possible value. Added LegalService as a supertype for Notary, Attorney. Marked ProfessionalService as deprecated, with some explanation, and added a brief account of the relationship with Service to some of the more service-oriented local business types e.g. LegalService, HomeAndConstructionBusiness. A cluster of construction-related local businesses formerly treated as ProfessionalService continue as HomeAndConstructionBusiness subtypes. Marked Attorney as deprecated in favor of LegalService per #784. Added hoursAvailable to Service.
• Fix to #411 Clarification and cleanup around areaServed, now marked as a super-property of the more specific eligibleRegion and availableAtOrFrom properties. Cross-referenced eligibleRegion and ineligibleRegion. Marked serviceArea as supersededBy areaServed. Updated the associated types for areaServed to cover those used by its sub-properties.
• Fix to #808: The address property now anticipates Text values, to support unstructured address data.
• Fix to #802: Referenced World Geotic System from GeoCoordinates properties (elevation, longitude, latitude); made address an expected property for GeoCoordinates and GeoShape.
• Fix to #796 Added offeredBy property to relate an Offer to a Person or Organisation. Inverse of makesOffer.
• Fix to #791 Added branchCode to represent codes identifying stores and other business locations.
• Fix to #790 Broadened fileFormat to be usable with CreativeWork, and improved the description.
• Fix to #687: Added Barcode as a subtype of ImageObject.
• Fix to #688: Added DataFeed and DataFeedItem to represent a data feed of structured items and supportingData for using DataFeed to provide data to a software application.
• Fix to #767: Added countryOfOrigin property to Movie, TVEpisode, TVSeason, and TVSeries.
• Fix to #768: Added broadcastOfEvent property to BroadcastEvent to allow for specifying the event being broadcasted.
• Fix to #432: Added Organization to domain of alumni and to range of alumniOf properties.

Site improvements

• Updated FAQ to clarify CC licensing of docs/examples and use of https: URLs in structured data.
• Updated Feedback form to permit per-term feedback and to be explicit that feedback messages may be shared with the wider community.
• Fix to #769: Sorting of multi-inheritance breadcrumbs on term pages.
• Fix to #761: Updated linking structure in 'more...' section of term pages.
• Listing of extension contents on extension home pages (eg. bib.schema.org)
• Term counts added to docs/schemas.html - The core vocabulary currently consists of 638 Types, 980 Properties, and 219 Enumeration values.
• List of enabled extensions added to docs/schemas.html.
• Various internal software fixes, unit tests and cleanup.

Quick fixes and Examples

• Fix to #764 Added example for makesOffer.
• Fix to #733 Added example showing library availability for Book. Also added example for Library and linked it to openingHoursSpecification as a good example for that too.
• Bulk update to examples: Various fixes to html syntax, missing quotes and <meta> tags that sholud be <link> tags.
• Fix to #478: Replaced <meta> tags that sholud be <link> tags in periodical examples.
• Several small markup fixes to various examples.

Vocabulary

• Fix to #611: Added Person as expected value for publisher property.
• Fix to #596: Documented that affiliation is a sub-property of memberOf.
• Fix to #207: Added a Bridge type under CivicStructure.
• Fix to #346: Added URL as expected value for genre property.
• Fix to #374: Added Report type under Article, and a reportNumber property.
• Fix to #577: Amended videoFormat to indicate that it is expected on BroadcastEvent and ScreeningEvent, rather than TelevisionStation.
• Fix to #535: Broadened domain of parentOrganization to allow any Organization, rather than only LocalBusiness. Noted parentOrganization and subOrganization as inverses.
• Fix to #531: Added the lyrics property to MusicComposition.
• Fix to #518: Renamed paymentDue property to paymentDueDate. Changed paymentStatus property to expect an enumerated value of type PaymentStatusType in addition to Text. The options are: PaymentComplete, PaymentDue, PaymentPastDue, PaymentDeclined and PaymentAutomaticallyApplied.
• Fix to #137: Deprecated UserInteraction and its children in favor of a new type: InteractionCounter. InteractionCounter allows for reporting aggregated statistics by service and type. Thanks elf Pavlik for collaboration.
• Fix to #526: Added new types LiveBlogPosting, SocialMediaPosting, and DiscussionForumPosting, alongside supporting properties.
• Fix to #334: Updated the controlled values for accessibilityHazard shown in examples to follow latest community recommendations: 'noFlashing' is now 'noFlashingHazard', 'noMotionSimulation' is 'noMotionSimulationHazard', and 'noSound' is 'noSoundHazard'.

Site improvements

• Fix to #429: Hosted extensions e.g. bib.schema.org are now enabled and linked from 'core' pages with appropriate navigation and styling.
• Fix to #655: Extension definitions now include an isPartOf property to link them to the extension.
• Fix to #527: Added materials from Kickoff Workshop in 2011.
• Fix to #78: Multiple supertypes are now displayed properly. It is possible for several schema.org types to apply to a single thing, and for a type to have multiple parent types. This is relatively rare, but important to display. For example, anything that is a LocalBusiness is considered both an Organization and a Place; so all subtypes of LocalBusiness have both as supertypes. We can now show this more clearly, e.g. ElectronicsStore.
• Added CSS for explicit styling () in releases page during Steering Group review of candidate releases.
• Fix to #557, #660, #695, #469: Several DataType-related navigation fixes, following recent modeling changes.
• Fix to #548: Added a favicon.ico image. The text is tiny and not intended for humans to read.
• Behind the scenes: cleanup and improvements to Python code, unit tests, CSS, filetree layout.

Quick fixes and Examples

• Fix to #343: Improved description of sampleType.
• Fix to #498: We now write "a URL" consistently, rather than sometimes also using "an URL".
• Fix to #585: Fix description of netWorth, which erroneously included Organization.
• #570: Added RDFa and Microdata examples for WatchAction.
• Added new accessibility examples.
• Numerous small documentation fixes for typos, markup validity and textual clarity.
• Fixes to several examples including byArtist, Place, Question/Answer, ...
• Fix to #552, #644: Fixes for Book examples.
• Fix to #382: Removed examples that don't reference WebPage from WebPage.
• Fix to #643: Moved bulk of mainEntityOfPage documentation into dedicated background notes.

Vocabulary

• Fix to #262: Added new vocabulary for Car: The new vocabulary includes a number of properties such as: numberOfAirbags, numberOfAxles, numberOfForwardGears, fuelConsumption, fuelEfficiency vehicleEngine, EngineSpecification...
  Thanks to Martin Hepp, Mirek Sopek, Karol Szczepański and others in the Automotive Ontology community group. We anticipate substantial additions that build on this foundation will be contributed as an extension.
• Fix to #301: Added a generic property/values mechanism, building upon PropertyValueSpecification, StructuredValue and value; added PropertyValue and additionalProperty. See examples for usage. This is a lightweight mechanism to allow markup of properties that are not easily mapped to existing schema.org properties. Whenever possible, it is generally better to use a dedicated schema.org property if one exists.
• Fix to #301: Added mainEntityOfPage (and an inverse, mainEntity) to indicate which of the entities mentioned in a page is its primary topic.
• Fix to #225: Added a schemaVersion property, for use by applications that require more precise referencing of schema versions.
• Fix to #266: Added OrderItem to allow ParcelDelivery to be tracked per item, not just on an entire Order.
• Fix to #170: Clarifying CommentAction, Comment by deprecating UserComments. Several mentions of UserComments removed from other terms. 'inLanguage' supersedes 'language'. Added a resultComment property. UserInteraction and sub-types will be deprecated.
• Fix to #300: Answer is now a sub-type of Comment. The 'question' property expects 'Question' type for its values (rather than Text as in AskAction previously). Added resultComment on ReplyAction. Cleaned up examples.
• Fix to #130: Amended True and False to be instances (rather than sub-types) of Boolean.
• Fix to #218: Amended DataType to model it as a sub-class of Class, with each datatype e.g. Boolean, Text, Date, DateTime, Time etc. being classes that have a typeOf DataType. DataTypes can have sub-types, e.g. Integer and Float are subtypes of Number.
• Fix to #328: Added ScreeningEvent to support movie/video screenings.
• Fix to #314: Added MovieClip and VideoGameClip as parallels to TVClip and RadioClip.
• Fix to #122: Added gtin12 property for Product.
• Fix to #417: Renamed many types and properties, which had overly generic names. This is no cause for alarm, the superseded names can still be used, although we encourage consumers and producers of schema.org data to move towards the newer terminology. CreativeWorkSeason was Season, CreativeWorkSeries was Series, SoftwareSourceCode was Code, TaxiService was Taxi, actionApplication was application, actionOption was option, artMedium was material, artworkSurface was surface, availableOnDevice was device, branchOf was parentOrganization, broadcastTimezone was timezone, codeSampleType was sampleType, containsSeason was season, datasetTimeInterval was temporal, executableLibraryName was assembly, exerciseCourse was course, exerciseRelatedDiet was diet, incentiveCompensation was incentives, includedDataCatalog was catalog, isAccessibleForFree was free, jobBenefits was benefits, runtimePlatform was runtime, serviceArea was area, serviceOutput was produces, softwareRequirements was requirements, targetCollection was collection.

Site improvements

• Fix to #429: Implementation of new extension system.
• Fix to #6: Improved 404 handler for missing pages, with support for old-style "/Person/Minister" extension URLs and Action-related "/query-input" pseudo-properties.
• Fix to #318: Added an experimental JSON(-LD) view of the hierarchy. This combines D3 with RDF schema. Thanks to Gregg Kellogg and Sandro Hawke for collaboration.
• Various behind-the-scenes improvement to the site software.

Quick fixes and Examples

• Fix to #119: Added a link to GS1's page giving background information on /globalLocationNumber.
• Fix to #471: Added a JSON example for exampleOfWork and workExample.
• Fix to #131: Amended category to be applicable to Product
• Fix to #8: Fixed description of box to follow the original rNews definition (instead of accidental copy of polygon). Added explanatory text to GeoShape regarding commas/whitespace.
• Fix to #224: Changed expected value of openingHours to be Text rather than Duration, since latter is for ISO formats not our custom micro-syntax.
• Fix to #112: Clarified that upvoteCount and downvoteCount apply to questions, answers and comments (rather than just to questions).
• Fix to #103: Clarified description of StructuredValue.
• Fix to #333: Clarified description of BreadcrumbList.
• Fix to 456: Generalized numberOfEmployees, to apply to Organization as well as to BusinessAudience.
• Fix to #439: Clarified numberOfItems with multi-page pagination.
• Fixed the mapping from DataCatalog to dcat:Catalog
• Fix to #341: Amended programmingLanguage to expect a Language rather than a Thing.
• Fix to #365: Extended award for use on Organization, Product.
• Fix to #145: Marked serviceAudience as supersededBy the more general audience property.
• Fix to #165: Renamed ingredients to recipeIngredient, improved the description, and added ItemList as a possible value for recipeInstructions.
• Fix to #171: Removed Class as a value of query property.
• Fix to #183: comment property now applicable to an RsvpAction, and can have Comment as values.
• Fix to #193: aggregateRating and review properties are now expected on Brand, Event, Service.
• Fix to #247: We now write "antonym" instead of the incorrect "antagonym" in several Action definitions.
• Fix to #316: Marked warrantyPromise as supersededBy warranty.
• Fix to #213: Amended eligibleRegion and ineligibleRegion to have the same associated types.
• Fix to #315: Updated BroadcastService, marking it as a kind of Service rather than just Thing.
• Fix to #426: Broadened supersededBy to be usable with classes and enumerations.
• Fix to #366: Reworded description of publication to use 'item' instead of a list of types (which had omitted Book), and marked it as applicable to CreativeWork.
• Fix to #288: added properties related to boarding passes to FlightReservation.
• Fix to #329: expanded BroadcastService and added new types CableOrSatelliteService, BroadcastChannel, TelevisionChannel, and RadioChannel to support TV/radio schedules. Thanks, Yves Raimond for careful review.
• Fix to #335: added gameLocation to VideoGameSeries.
• Fix to #336: added actor and director to Series.
• Fix to #364: replaced non-existent Award type with Book in WinAction type. Thanks, unor.
• Fix to #386: Fixed extra spaces in labels.

Vocabulary

• Added VisualArtwork type and supporting properties - artEdition, artform, material, surface. Thanks, Paul Watson.
• Added an Invoice type to represent invoices/bills, with additional properties totalPaymentDue, minimumPaymentDue, accountId, scheduledPaymentDate, billingPeriod, paymentStatus, referencesOrder.
• Fix to allow offers on AggregateOffer. Thanks, Simon Spero, Zinebb.
• Expanded the list of types that musicBy applies to, matching those of actor and director. Thanks, Simon Spero.
• Adding priceSpecification to TradeAction type, fixing #305.
• Adding deliveryMethod to OrderAction type, fixing #306.
• Adjusted description of width, height and depth properties to be "the ___ of the item.", rather than list specific types.

Site improvements

• Added support for linking to #examples within per-term pages. Thanks, Wes Turner.
• Add rangeIncludes to RDFa markup missing from property pages. Thanks, John Walker.

Quick fixes and Examples

• Fixes to several examples, thanks to Gregg Kellogg.
• Fixes to Book example, thanks to unor.
• Added name property in CreativeWork examples; Improved MedicalScholarlyArticle example, marking up the abstract using description - thanks to Dan Scott.
• Corrected a case typo in numberOfEmployees. Thanks, Stéphane Corlosquet.
• Fixed mistaken use of "MovieGameSeries"; reported by both Gregg and Simon.
• Fixed valuePattern definition; it takes Text values, not Number. Thanks, Holger.
• Fixed definitions for fromLocation, toLocation; they do not support numeric values. Thanks, Simon Spero.
• Fixed producer property; it takes an Organization value, rather than applying to organizations. Thanks, unor.
• Fixed typo: clinicalPharmacology is supersededBy clinicalPharmacology. Thanks, Marc.
• Fixed an example that used "Address" instead of PostalAddress. Thanks, unor.
• Added 100+ periods / full stops (".") to end each definition.

Vocabulary

• Updated ItemList to allow for richer kinds of lists (including ordering), rather than just strings; added BreadcrumbList
• The weight and height properties can now be with the Person type. Added netWorth to Person. Added EmployeeRole.
• Added SportsOrganization as a super-type of SportsTeam, representing sports organizations, including sports teams, governing bodies, and sports associations. Added a sport property to indicate the associated sport(s) for a SportsOrganization; also added coach and athlete properties. Added numberedPosition property to OrganizationRole. Added homeTeam and awayTeam properties to SportsEvent, alongside a super-property of those, competitor.
• Added a VideoGame type with two super-types: SoftwareApplication and a new Game type. We anticipate a need for future work around Game, see issue #169. VideoGame has cheatCode, gameServer, gamePlatform, playMode and gameTip properties, plus a few supporting types. A property softwareHelp has also been added to SoftwareApplication to indicate supporting documentation.
• While integrating VideoGame an issue was raised around the need to describe series of games. As a result we have made some changes to the Series type, which previously emphasised only TV and Radio Series: added VideoGameSeries, BookSeries, and MovieSeries. The recently added Periodical type is also now modeled as a Series subtype. Some redundant type/property associations were also tidied up. The existing trailer property can now be used with VideoGame and VideoGameSeries.
• Added ControlAction (previously proposed as OperateAction). Add expectsAcceptanceOf on ConsumeAction (previously proposed as 'contingentOnOffer'). Added ineligibleRegion (on Offer, previously proposed as 'notAvailableAtOrFrom').
• Add rsvpResponse, additionalNumberOfGuests properties to the existing RsvpAction type (see also github issue and details). This change also adds an enumeration RsvpResponseType: RsvpResponseYes, RsvpResponseNo, RsvpResponseMaybe. Finally, we add a new possible ActionStatusType: FailedActionStatus, alongside an error property linking an Action to more information on the cause of the failure.
• Add roleName to Role, superceding namedPosition (see also issue and details).
• Add to MusicAlbum properties: albumProductionType, albumReleaseType, albumRelease (and inverse, releaseOf). Supporting enumerated types: MusicAlbumProductionType (CompilationAlbum, DemoAlbum, DJMixAlbum, LiveAlbum, MixtapeAlbum, RemixAlbum, SoundtrackAlbum, SpokenWordAlbum, StudioAlbum. MusicAlbumReleaseType (AlbumRelease, BroadcastRelease, EPRelease, SingleRelease). Add new types: MusicRelease, MusicComposition, the latter with properties musicArrangement, composer, firstPerformance, includedComposition, iswcCode, lyricist, musicCompositionForm, musicalKey, recordedAs (inverse: recordingOf). Expand track to allow ItemList values, for lists of MusicRecording, and genre to apply to MusicGroup. See also details.
• Broadened the description of logo property, to match the types it applies to. See also github issue and details.
• Added a DatedMoneySpecification type for non-price monetary values, by analogy with PriceSpecification and its subtypes. Added amount and currency properties and tweaked startDate and endDate property definitions to fit.
• See also blog post...

Site improvements

• Added links to supporting blog posts for Role, Action and Periodical.
• Added "alt" attributes to all image examples.
• Fixed the Full Hierarchy page.

Quick fixes and Examples

• Several minor bugfixes.

See also issue list for this release.

• Updated text of the price property to include practical usage guidance, alongside links to information from GS1 to the gtin-related Offer properties.
• Updated all our examples to follow that guidance; primarily by using priceCurrency and the content= attribute.
• Noted our thanks to the OpenDomain project for our domain name.
• Updated the text of the 'image' property to match its expected types. Thanks, Dan Scott.
• Changed spelling of 'supercededBy' to the more conventional supersededBy. Thanks, Sachini Aparna Herath.
• Noted that 'logo' and 'photo' are sub-properties of 'image'. Thanks, Sachini Aparna Herath, again.
• Fixed two syntax errors in examples (Store opening hours RDFa; Book, PublicationVolume Microdata). Thanks, Gregg Kellogg.
• Added Tolkien-based examples for exampleOfWork/workExample. Thanks, Dan Scott, again.
• Fixed a bug with our UTF-8 support. Thanks, Richard Wallis.

Several bibliographic improvements, thanks to the work of the W3C BibExtend Community Group. Improved handling of Periodicals, Articles and Multi-volume Works, introducing types and supporting properties for Periodical, PublicationVolume and PublicationIssue. Adds new Article properties: pageStart, pageEnd and pagination. CreativeWork gains a convenience inverse of isPartOf called hasPart, as well as a new pair of inverses, workExample and exampleOfWork that link specific and general perspectives on creative works. Many thanks to all the BibExtend group members, to Richard Wallis for chairing, and to Dan Scott for implementing.

Provider/Seller vocabulary: this update also clarifies how to use a set of related terms, integrating sections of schema.org that had developed separately. Full details are documented at W3C and in Github, alongside an overview document. The provider property describes a service provider, service operator, or service performer, while seller describe the entities which sell or offer a service on behalf of an actual service provider. We introduce a more general broker property (replacing the over-specific bookingAgent), as well as deprecating vendor and merchant in favour of seller. Regarding flights and parcel delivery, carrier is superseded by provider. Please also note that flightNumber should now be written in full (i.e. "UA110" rather than just "110"). See the supporting documents for details.

Finally, episodeNumber, seasonNumber and clipNumber (for TV/Radio) have been harmonized with the periodicals design (issueNumber and volumeNumber). In each case, both Integer and Text values are anticipated. A common superproperty, position can also be used. This reflects implementation experience and establishes a model that can be applied elsewhere, e.g. ongoing work on describing music.

This update also improves the display and navigation of supersededBy relations between schema.org properties (e.g. see seller).

The Terms of service document was also updated to note that Yandex is now a schema.org Sponsor and to adopt the patent terms used by W3C.

Added a Reservation schema. Question/Answer sites. Order changes. Added EmailMessage.

1.) This release of schema.org adds a finalized Reservations schema, which refines earlier proposals discussed in the Web Schemas community over the last year. See wiki for details.

The Reservations vocabulary includes: Reservation, ReservationPackage, ReservationStatusType, Ticket, Flight, EventReservation, FlightReservation, TrainReservation, BusReservation, TaxiReservation, LodgingReservation, RentalCarReservation, ProgramMembership, Seat, Vehicle, Airline, FoodEstablishmentReservation, TrainTrip, Car, BusTrip, Taxi.

2.) Q/A sites

A simple vocabulary for Question/Answer and FAQ sites. It adds types for Question, Answer, and QAPage.

3.) Adds a type EmailMessage, analogous to the existing WebPage type.

TV/Radio improvements in collaboration with BBC and EBU - see guest blog post by Yves Raimond. For example see TVEpisode.

For Background see the TV/Radio wiki entry.

Civic Services (which includes ContactPoint) was blogged when first discussed. See also wiki entry. Example type: GovernmentService.

Event improvements: wiki entry. Organization improvements: wiki entry. In particular, this update added department, and subOrganization properties.

Adds sameAs property to Thing that makes it easier to indicate identifying URLs for entities being described (wiki). The citation property has been moved up to CreativeWork, from MedicalScholarlyArticle (wiki). Thanks to the BibExtend group for suggesting this small but useful improvement.

For LRMI (Learning Resource Metadata Initiative), a collaboration co-led by Association of Educational Publishers (AEP) and Creative Commons: Added several properties, mainly to CreativeWork. Added AlignmentObject type, for aligning content to educational coding schemes. (see wiki).

Added Dataset type (collaboration building upon work at W3C and elsewhere). See also blog, wiki.

Added Audience and related types, useful for LRMI and other applications (wiki.

Added Technical Publishing vocabulary: TechArticle, APIReference, Code. See also early blog post and Wiki entries for TechArticleSchema, APIReferenceSchema and CodeSchema.

This release added substantial vocabulary in the medical/health domain (around 100 classes, 200 properties). The additions are mainly organized beneath the MedicalEntity type. An overview document is also provided. From the blog post:

"This collaborative project drew upon search expertise from the schema.org partners but also gained immeasurably through feedback from expert reviewers including the US NCBI; physicians at Harvard, Duke and other institutions, as well as from several health Web sites. Contributions from the W3C Healthcare and Lifesciences group and Web Schemas community also helped bridge the complex worlds of Web standards, search and medicine/healthcare."

Added new properties per Singularity proposal: 23 changes: actor, album, attendee, award, blogPost, colleague, contactPoint, employee, encoding, episode, event, founder, map, member, parent, performer, photo, review, season, sibling, significantLink, subEvent, track. Each of these originally had a plural 's' to indicate repeatability. After discussion in the W3C WebSchemas group, the consensus was that this was confusing and worthwhile changing.

This revision added a new type, 'Comment', whose super-type is CreativeWork (wiki)

Also adds SoftwareApplication and supporting vocabulary (wiki, original proposal), including MobileApplication, WebApplication subtypes.

Converged URL/Url spelling. After WebSchemas discussion, consensus was: For each of embedURL, contentURL, downloadURL, ensure there is an equivalent property named with mixed-case: 'embedUrl', 'contentUrl', 'downloadUrl'.